Malnutrition among nigerias children is a serious problem throughout the country. The nigeria food consumption and nutrition status survey nfcns showed that nationally, 42 percent of children were stunted, 25 percent underweight and 9 percent. It has posed a great economic burden to the developing world. A retrospective study using case notes, admission and mortality registers retrieved from the hospitals medical records department. Protein energy malnutrition can be easily controlled and reversed with the right guidance and knowledge. Isokpunwu declared, explaining that an undernourished child. High burden of proteinenergy malnutrition in nigeria. Haematological profile in children with protein energy malnutrition in north central nigeria. The condition has mild, moderate, and severe degrees.
Background malaria and protein energy malnutrition pem are two major causes of childhood mortality in subsaharan africa. Malnutrition is a range of conditions occurring when intake of one or more nutrients doesnt meet the requirements. Haematological profile in children with protein energy. Head circumferences of males and females malnourished children compared with w. This late 1960s photograph shows a seated, listless child who was among many individuals found with kwashiorkor in nigerian relief camps. The causes of proteinenergy malnutrition are multifactorial though it is fairly well established that social and economic factors are the most important determinants in. Protein energy malnutrition in children at gadarif eastern sudan. Proteinenergy malnutrition epidemiology causes of death among children under 5 years of age 2000. Risk factors for malnutrition among rural nigerian. Read all the latest news, breaking stories, top headlines, opinion, pictures and videos about malnutrition from nigeria and the world on today.
Berger, proteinenergy malnutrition in domestic ruminants. Available data reveal high levels of malnutrition among children particularly in rural areas. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention compend contin ed pract vet 8. Protein energy malnutrition elsa xxx dcem1 toulouse purpan medical school 230309. International institute of tropical agriculture, 2005 over the past decade gdp per capita for agriculture has steadily declined, leading to an increased risk for malnutrition. Understanding the nature and determinants of socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition is essential in contemplating the health of populations in developing countries and in targeting resources appropriately to raise the health of the poor and most. Proteinenergy malnutrition pem, also known as proteincalorie malnutrition, is one such disorder caused due to severe deficiency of protein.
Assessing the relationship between dietary intake, hygienic. Dietary protein quality and malnutrition in africa. Levels of global acute malnutrition for children in northeastern nigeria recorded in july and august were well over the 15 percent threshold deemed critical, and, in some cases, higher than 50 percent, meaning more than half the children surveyed suffered from moderate or severe acute malnutrition. Inquiries above should be sent to the publisher at the address given as follows. Protein energy malnutrition pem is one of the global public health problems which has been as a result of ecological problems of which the communitys physical, biological and cultural environment are considered to be the factors who, 1995.
To determine the prevalence, risk factors, comorbidities and case fatality rates of protein energy malnutrition pem admissions at the paediatric ward of the university of nigeria teaching hospital enugu, southeast nigeria over a 10 year period. Dietary protein quality and malnutrition in africa british. Prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among under. Diagnosis of protein energy malnutrition in an individual animal usually indicates that a herd or hock problem exists and requires immediate attention. Recent trends in levels of child malnutrition also show uneven progress among the regions figure 2. Proteinenergy malnutrition, children, maiduguri, nigeria, prevalence. It is the leading cause of death in children in developing countries. It commonly includes deficiencies of many micronutrients. The worldwide magnitude of proteinenergy malnutrition. Malnourished children are able to recover quickly by eating fortified peanutbased readytouse therapeutic food. Protein energy malnutrition, as the name suggests, is caused due to deficiency of proteins. Sep 11, 2014 malnutrition can be defined as a state of nutrition where the weight for age, height for age and weight for height indices are below 2 zscore of the nchs reference. Proteinenergy malnutrition pem, sometimes called proteinenergy undernutrition peu, is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of pathological conditions arising from coincident lack of dietary protein andor energy in varying proportions.
Nigeria is the sixth largest exporter of oil and at the same time hosts the third largest number of poor people after china and protein energy malnutrition in nigeria. Kwara state was chosen for this study because under nutrition and poverty are prevalent in the state. In low income countries only 3 % of total dietary energy, as an indicator of diet composition, is derived from meat and offal, 11 % from roots and tubers and 6 % from pulses, nuts and oilseeds. Pdf the prevalence and associated factors of protein energy. Berger, proteinenergy malnutrition in domestic ruminants part i. Know the causes, symptoms, treatment, prevention and the diet plan for protein energy malnutrition. Risk factors for malnutrition among rural nigerian children. May 29, 2017 protein energy malnutrition is a very common problem occurring in several infants and young children living in developing nations.
Nigeria, the most populous country in subsaharan africa is included in this story. Jan 23, 2017 malnutrition wiping out children in northern nigeria, aid workers say women and their children at a feeding center run by m. It is the most common nutritional disorder in developing countries like bangladesh, india, african countries etc. Scaling up nutrition interventions for children left behind in nigeria 5 is highest in kaduna 27. Prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among underfive children of farming households in kwara state, nigeria article pdf available september 2011 with 3,902 reads how we measure reads. Description pem is also referred to as protein calorie malnutrition. Malnutrition rates in nigeria horrifying world hunger news.
In nigeria, 22 to 40% of underfive mortality has been attributed to pem 6. International journal of community research is an open access journal under creative commons licensing regulations. Understanding the nature and determinants of socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition is essential in contemplating the health of populations in developing countries and in targeting resources appropriately to raise the health of the poor and most vulnerable groups. The study identified the group of children at risk in the economically and socially deprived families. Environmental and socioeconomic correlates of child. Nutritional status of elderly patients visiting outpatient.
Pem is an important nutritional problem among preschool age children. There are various anthropometric variables for classifying pem. Nov 28, 2007 malnutrition is a major public health and development concern in the developing world and in poor communities within these regions. Nutritional disorders are common in young children in. Proteinenergy malnutrition definition of proteinenergy. Malnutrition is killing nigerias children because of food shortage international groups warn of a looming food crisis in parts of nigeria due to civil conflict. The causes of protein energy malnutrition are multifactorial though it is fairly well established that social and economic factors are the most important determinants in its etiology 785 786 n. How common is the problem of protein energy malnutrition. It is associated with as much as 5060% of underfive mortality in poor countries2,3 and a myriad of morbidities. Definition protein energy malnutrition pem is a potentially fatal bodydepletion disorder. Weightheight ratio in assessment of protein calorie malnutrition, ind. The effect and causes of proteinenergy malnutrition in. The world health organization who defines malnutrition as the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy and the bodys demand for them to ensure growth, maintenance, and specific functions.
Anthonio research publications, anthonio research center, anthonio services nigeria, p. Malaria parasitaemia in children with protein energy. Rittu chandel second year resident grant government medical college 02 0120 1 rittu chandel 2. Underfive protein energy malnutrition admitted at the university of. Protein energy malnutrition pem is associated with various changes in the body systems including changes in the. Know the causes, symptoms, treatment, prevention and the diet plan for proteinenergy malnutrition. Prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among underfive. There is still a high burden of proteinenergy malnutrition in nigeria. Experts bemoan high prevalence of malnutrition in nigeria. Malnutrition is a devastating problem in nigeria, not only to its people, but also to its security and economy. Prevalence of under nutrition among under five year. Action improving maternal, newborn and child nutrition.
Acute malnutrition, for instance, is measured by weight for height or bilateral edema, while chronic. Definition proteinenergy malnutrition pem is a potentially fatal bodydepletion disorder. Analysis of seasonal effects in the northern states figure 3 reveals that june, august and. The role of compositing cereals with legumes to alleviate protein energy malnutrition in africa. Malnutrition is killing nigerias children because of food. According to her, nigerias record in the three indicators of malnutrition thus stunting, wasting and underweight as quoted in the 20 national nutrition and health survey global are not pleasant. Introduction one of the main features of the world population in the 20th century has been a considerable increase in number of older people in both developed and developing countries. Pdf prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among. Proteinenergy undernutrition peu, previously called proteinenergy malnutrition, is an energy deficit due to deficiency of all macronutrients. Malnutrition wiping out children in northern nigeria, aid workers say women and their children at a feeding center run by m. Unicef nutrition officer aishat abdullahi left assesses sevenmonthold umara for malnutrition at a unicef supported health clinic as umaras mother right looks on. Protein energy malnutrition is a problem associated with social and economic factors.
One million malnourished children treated in nigeria. Predisposing factors to protein energy malnutrition among children. Allden, the effects of nutritional deprivation on the subsequent productivity of sheep and cattle nutr abstr rev 40. Protein energy malnutrition also known as pem is a range of clinicopathological condition arising from lack of varying proportions of protein and calories, occurring most frequently in infants and young children and is usually associated with infection. Isokpunwu declared, explaining that an undernourished child has lower resistance to infection and is more. Pdf prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among under.
Proteinenergy malnutrition pem is still a major public health issue in developing countries. Proteinenergy malnutrition is a basic lack of food from famine and a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Proteinenergy undernutrition peu nutritional disorders. Table 5 effects of infection and malnutrition on protein turnover in. Dietary pattern of the 120 malnourished children age months type of diet no. Description pem is also referred to as proteincalorie malnutrition. The severe forms of the disease are usually associated with high level of mortality even in the tertiary health facilities. Nutritional status of elderly patients visiting outpatient clinics 178 1. Working with nigerias federal ministry of health, state ministries and unicef, the community programme delivers lifesaving care and treatment to children with severe wasting under the age of five in 11 states in northern nigeria all children diagnosed with severe wasting attend regular clinics and receive advice on home care and treatment, including packets of readytouse therapeutic. In the north, half of all children under five are stunted, and one. Malnutrition is a major public health and development concern in the developing world and in poor communities within these regions. This dependence on imports makes nigeria vulnerable to fluctuating prices n the world market. Proteinenergy malnutrition can be easily controlled and reversed with the right guidance and knowledge. The remainder of the dietary energy is mainly derived from cerealbased staple food.
Although the numbers have decreased in recent years, 41 percent of our children under the age of five are still stunted, 23 per. Underfive protein energy malnutrition admitted at the. In simplest terms, it can be explained as a condition that occurs when the. To date, over 117,000 children with severe acute malnutrition in northeast nigeria have been admitted to therapeutic feeding programmes run by unicef and partners. Jun 14, 2012 to determine the prevalence, risk factors, comorbidities and case fatality rates of protein energy malnutrition pem admissions at the paediatric ward of the university of nigeria teaching hospital enugu, southeast nigeria over a 10 year period.
Terna m fiase,1 habu haruna,2 dathini hamina,2 kever t robert,2 esther m iornengen3. Using data from the national rural livelihoods survey and the national food consumption survey. Malnutrition can be defined as a state of nutrition where the weight for age, height for age and weight for height indices are below 2 zscore of the nchs reference. Protein is an important nutrient as it is required for the development of human body. Proteinenergy malnutrition in ruminants sciencedirect. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among preschool children in abakiliki in ebonyi state of nigeria. This makes nigeria one of the six countries that accounts for half of all child deaths from malnutrition worldwide. Prevalence of proteinenergy malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in developing countries, 1995 region stunting underweight wasting % % % africa 39 28 8 asia 41 35 10 latin america 18 10 3 oceania 31 23 5. Nigerias community management of acute malnutrition programme welcomes mothers, carers and children to local health clinics across the north of the country.
The objective of this paper is to examine the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among underfive children of farming households in kwara state of nigeria. The number of elderly is expected to increase dramatically because of improved. Protein energy malnutrition is one of the leading causes of morbidity. For example, the nationwide food consumption and nutrition. Malnutrition is killing nigeria s children because of food shortage international groups warn of a looming food crisis in parts of nigeria due to civil conflict.
Normal premorbid nutritional status, but at nutritional risk due to inflammation due to major acute stress e. It develops in children and adults whose consumption of protein and energy measured. Malnutrition and the disproportional burden on the poor. Severity ranges from subclinical deficiencies to obvious wasting with edema, hair loss. Aug 12, 2015 malnutrition among nigerias children is a serious problem throughout the country.